Overwatering can cause irreversible damage
With thousands of species of cultivated peppers available to grow, there are options for every flavor palette. Some varieties of sweet bell peppers can be harvested when they are green, yellow, orange, red, or purple. There are even gorgeous black bells that make a striking addition to the dinner plate. If your tastes lean more toward spicy peppers, many types of jalapenos exist. For those who want food that tastes like the surface of the sun, you can add Carolina reapers and ghost peppers to your garden. While there is a huge difference in the flavor — and pain level — between varieties, watering your pepper plants too much or too little can cause big problems.
Peppers are pretty easy to grow, but they have some requirements. They need warm soil, full sun, and a weed-free space to thrive. Mulching around your plants can help suppress weeds while keeping the soil consistently moist by reducing evaporation. Regular, deep watering as needed will help keep your plants healthy, but only water when necessary.
Underwatering can also harm your pepper plants
While overwatering is often seen as the most damaging to pepper plants, underwatering can also have detrimental effects. This is especially true in clay soils that have a tendency to retain less moisture compared to sandy or loamy soils. In such soil conditions, underwatering can lead to dry and parched conditions, which can cause the roots to wither and die. This is a challenging condition for plants to recover from, and even if they manage to survive, they will be weakened.
The frequency of watering your pepper plants depends on various factors, so it's important to assess the soil conditions. Plants will require more water during hot and windy weather or in the absence of rainfall. Conversely, if the weather is cool and there are regular rain showers, you won't need to water as frequently. Clay soils generally require less frequent watering compared to sandy conditions. Another factor to consider is mulching around the plants. If you're unsure whether your soil is retaining enough moisture, dig a hole about 6 inches deep. If it fills with water within an hour, your ground is saturated.
Unless you completely stop watering pepper plants in a drought, they will likely recover, but not without some losses. If you are away on vacation during a dry weather spell, or life just gets busy and you can't stay on top of watering, your pepper plants will show signs of stress. The first thing you might notice is the fruits become shriveled before they mature due to insufficient water. The plant may also drop blooms or fail to produce them to conserve water in the roots and stem. A longer period without water will cause leaves to droop. These are all signs that your pepper plants need deep watering. If you add water at this point, they should rebound and start producing blooms again.
Left unattended without water for too long, leaves will eventually turn brown and fall off. If you lose a significant number of leaves, recovery will be difficult. Even if the plant starts producing peppers again, it may not have sufficient leaf coverage to prevent sunscald, which will ruin the fruits before they can mature. Instead of watering on a regular schedule, check your soil. You can prevent too much or too little moisture by only watering when it is dry 1 inch below the surface of the soil.
